Dynamic Timeline Plots

A Resource for Presenting Historical Information

Daniel G. Martinez

Washington, DC-Area Mathematica Group

Introduction to Dynamic Timeline Plots

Dynamic Timeline Plots (DTP) facilitate the consolidation and presentation of categorical time-based event data.  For example, every human advancement and folly is the result of direct and indirect interactions among individuals within a cultural milieu.  Many of those interactions are fueled by competition or cooperation, and they are of variable intensity.  As this presentation will demonstrate, DTPs are superior devices for the visual portrayal of such interactions.  Also, the construction of DTPs focuses research efforts, and finished DTPs are superb for presentation.  Other categories of time-based events include project phase durations, production schedules or projections, tenure in elected or appointed offices, and virtually any other matter that is based on time series and whose subjects are comparable.

Consolidation

To illustrate a DTP example, almost all books of historical literature are awash in implied or stated human interactions.  But hardly one of them contains an overt and complete statement of the book's factual underpinnings vis-à-vis its protagonists or main events.  The act of assembling a DTP can provide a scaffold upon which an author can develop a coherent interaction map for the text's main players and events.  Thus, a seamless foundation of relevant information is consolidated and made available for general use by the author and the users of the literature.

Presentation

Humans are incapable of forming in their minds accurate and complete perceptions of subtle time-series information without – at bare minimum – the aid of a diagram.  Mathematica's dynamic faculties are ideally suited to produce such diagrams in ways that facilitate rapid presentation of material.  Thus, in lieu of many tables, diagrams or charts, only one graphic – a DTP – can be presented with its information displayed using dynamic controls (check boxes, radio buttons, etc.).  If the literature will appear in printed form, a DTP can facilitate the preparation of many dimensions of related historical events.

Timeline Plot of New Mexico State Governors
Lifetimes and Governancies

Data Set

δ[y_,m_,d_]:=DateDifference[{1850,1,1},{y,m,d}]  (*  date function for use in data base and the gridlines in the Application  *)

td=δ[DateList[][[1]],DateList[][[2]],DateList[][[3]]];  (*  current DateDifference  *)

ButtonBox[",{1,δ[\[Placeholder],1,\[Placeholder]],δ[\[Placeholder],1,\[Placeholder]]}",Active->True]//DisplayForm

a={
{"William C. McDonald",{0,δ[1858,7,25],δ[1918,4,11]},{1,δ[1912,1,14],δ[1917,1,1]},"First state governor.  Born in New York, became a lawyer in Kansas (1880), US Deputy Mineral Surveyor for the NM Territory (ca. 1880).  Managed Carrizozo Cattle Ranch Company then the El Capitan Livestock Company.  Lincoln County Assessor (1885-87), after governorship (1912-17) became state Fuel Administrator",{},"D"},
{"Ezequiel C. De Baca",{0,δ[1864,11,1],δ[1917,2,18]},{1,δ[1917,1,1],δ[1917,2,18]},"Born in Las Vegas, NM.  Journalist for La Voz del Pueblo.",{},"D"},{"Washington E. Lindsey",{0,δ[1862,12,20],δ[1926,4,5]},{1,δ[1917,2,19],δ[1919,1,1]},"Born in Ohio.  Taught school in Ohio, New York and Illinois.  Law degree (1891) from U of Michigan.",{},"R"},
{"Octaviano A. Larrazolo",{0,δ[1859,12,7],δ[1930,4,7]},{1,δ[1919,1,1],δ[1921,1,1]},"Born in Chhuahua, Mexico.  Studied theology in Tucson and Santa Fe, and taught in Tucson and El Paso. Admitted to the bar (1888), practiced law in Las Vegas, NM.",{},"R"},
{"Merrit C. Mechem",{0,δ[1870,10,10],δ[1946,5,24]},{1,δ[1921,1,1],δ[1923,1,1]},"Born in Kansas. Admitted to the bar (1893) and practiced law in Arkansas and Tucumcari. Numerous appointed offices in NM.  Law office in Albuquerque after gubernatorial term.",{},"R"},
{"James F. Hinkle",{0,δ[1862,10,20],δ[1951,3,26]},{1,δ[1923,1,1],δ[1925,1,1]},"Born in Missouri. Moved to NM in 1885, numerous business and political doings, including Mayor of Roswell (1904-6), State Senate (1912-17)",{},"D"},
{"Arthur T. Hannett",{0,δ[1884,2,17],δ[1966,3,18]},{1,δ[1925,1,1],δ[1927,1,1]},"Born in New York.  Moved to NM in 1911 to practice law.  Was Albuquerque city attorney and Mayor of Gallup",{},"D"},
{"Richard C. Dillon",{0,δ[1877,6,24],δ[1966,1,4]},{1,δ[1927,1,1],δ[1931,1,1]},"Born in Missouri. His family moved to NM in 1889, worked in Springer as a railroad laborer and merchant. Served in state senate before governorship.",{},"R"},
{"Arthur Seligman",{0,δ[1871,6,14],δ[1933,9,25]},{1,δ[1931,1,1],δ[1933,9,25]},"Born in Santa Fe. Graduated college in Pennsylvania (1889) then excelled as a businessman in NM. Served as Mayor of Santa Fe and in numerous appointed offices.",{},"D"},
{"Andrew W. Hockenhull",{0,δ[1877,1,16],δ[1974,6,20]},{1,δ[1933,9,25],δ[1935,1,1]},"Born in Missouri.  College in Missouri and law school in Texas.  Moved to NM in 1908 and practiced law in Clovis. As LtGov succeeded Gov Seligman.",{},"D"},
{"Clyde Tingley",{0,δ[1883,1,5],δ[1960,12,24]},{1,δ[1935,1,1],δ[1939,1,1]},"Born in Ohio.  Moved to NM (1910) to facilitate his wife's recovery from tuberculosis.  Became active in politics and an advocate for the New Deal. Oversaw extensive hospital construction, including Carrie Tingley Hospital, named after his wife. Resurrected State Fair (1938) whose Tingley Coliseum is his namesake.  Active in Albuquerque politics after governorship.",{},"D"},
{"John E. Miles",{0,δ[1884,7,28],δ[1971,10,7]},{1,δ[1939,1,1],δ[1943,1,1]},"Born in Tennessee.  Left home at age 17, moved to Texas and farmed; then to Oklahoma and NM. Served in various offices before and after governorship.",{},"D"},
{"John J. Dempsey",{0,δ[1879,6,22],δ[1958,3,11]},{1,δ[1943,1,1],δ[1947,1,1]},"Born in Pennsylvania.  Was a telegrapher, then was employed variously including VP of Brooklyn Rapid Transit. Became an oil man in Oklahoma (1919), then was VP of Continental Oil and Asphalt Co.  Moved to NM (1920) where he excelled in business and politics.",{},"D"},
{"Thomas J. Mabry",{0,δ[1884,10,17],δ[1962,12,23]},{1,δ[1947,1,1],δ[1951,1,1]},"Born in Kentucky. Practiced law and published a newspaper in Clovis, and served in many elected and appointed offices.",{},"D"},{"Edwin L. Mechem",{0,δ[1912,7,2],δ[2002,11,27]},{1,δ[1951,1,1],δ[1955,1,1]},{1,δ[1957,1,1],δ[1959,1,1]},{1,δ[1961,1,1],δ[1962,11,30]},"Born in Alamogordo.  Studied law in Arkansas then joined the NM bar. FBI agent (1942-5) and served in several elected and appointed offices in NM. Nephew of previous governor Merrit C. Mechem",{},"R"},
{"John F. Simms Jr",{0,δ[1916,12,18],δ[1975,4,11]},{1,δ[1955,1,1],δ[1957,1,1]},"Born in Albuquerque. Also served as US Representative.",{},"D"},
{"John Burroughs",{0,δ[1907,4,7],δ[1978,5,21]},{1,δ[1959,1,1],δ[1961,1,1]},"Born in Texas.  Successful businessman in Texas and NM  Advocated professionalization of state employees.",{},"D"},
{"Thomas F. Bolack",{0,δ[1918,5,18],δ[1998,5,20]},{1,δ[1962,11,30],δ[1963,1,1]},"Born in Kansas.  Self-educated oilman and successful rancher.  Served as Mayor of Farmington and in the state house of representatives, and as Governor for 32 days.",{},"R"},
{"Jack M. Campbell",{0,δ[1916,9,10],δ[1999,6,14]},{1,δ[1963,1,1],δ[1967,1,1]},"Born in Kansas. Law degree (1938), USMC during WW2, FBI and Albuquerque lawyer afterwards. Held several elected and appointed offices before and after governorship.",{},"D"},
{"David F. Cargo",{0,δ[1929,1,13],td},{1,δ[1967,1,1],δ[1971,1,1]},"Born in Michigan. As Governor, started the film commission to stimulate movie-making in the state.",{},"R"},{"Bruce King",{0,δ[1924,4,6],td},{1,δ[1971,1,1],δ[1975,1,1]},{1,δ[1979,1,1],δ[1983,1,1]},{1,δ[1991,1,1],δ[1995,1,1]},"Born in Stanley, NM.  US Army during WW2, then attended UNM.  Active in state politics since 1954. Substantially revamped state civil service.",{},"D"},{"Raymond S. Apodaca",{0,δ[1934,10,3],td},{1,δ[1975,1,1],δ[1979,1,1]},"Born in Las Cruces.  Graduated from UNM and entered the insurance business. Active in state politics since 1965. As governor, reorganized state government into cabinets.",{},"D"},
{"Toney Anaya",{0,δ[1941,4,29],td},{1,δ[1983,1,1],δ[1987,1,1]},"Born in Moriarty, NM.  Washington College law school (1967), NM Attorney General (1975-8) and numerous appointed offices since his governorship.",{},"D"},
{"Garrey E. Carruthers",{0,δ[1939,8,29],td},{1,δ[1987,1,1],δ[1991,1,1]},"Born in Colorado.  Economics PhD, Iowa State.  Has been active in politics since 1974.",{},"R"},
{"Gary E. Johnson",{0,δ[1953,1,1],td},{1,δ[1995,1,1],δ[2003,1,1]},"Attended UNM, businessman in construction.  Embraced Libertarian notions, was noted for athletic prowess.",{},"R"},
{"Bill Richardson",{0,δ[1947,11,15],td},{1,δ[2003,1,1],td},"Born in California and raised in Mexico City. Graduated from Tufts University (1970) with a degree in French and political science. Has served extensively in federal and state offices.",{},"D"}
};

Functions and Tick-List Sets

pt[tx_,xy_,c_,ts_]:=Graphics[Text[Style[ToString[tx],FontFamily->"Times",ts,c],{xy[[1]],xy[[2]]}]]  (*  general print text function: tx is string, xy is coordinate set, c is color, ts is text size  *)

δλ[x_]:=Framed[Style[DateString[DatePlus[{1850,1,1},x],{"Day"," ","MonthName"," ","Year"}],Blue,12],Background->GrayLevel[0.99]]  (*  Plot Label date function  *)

dλ={{δ[1900,1,1],1900},{δ[2000,1,1],2000}};  (*  frame label locations and labels  *)

cat[x_]:=Partition[Flatten[Cases[Table[ReplacePart[Cases[(Subscript[a, [[j]]]),{x,_,_}],{_,1}->j],{j,Length[a]}],Except[{}]]],3]  (*  from list 'a' extract all sublists whose first elements equal x and identify their position in the list [ devised on 090424 ]  *)

c1=cat[0];  (*  life timeline periods  *)

c2=cat[1];  (*  governancy timeline periods  *)

gt[c_,s_]:=Table[Graphics[{c,EdgeForm[Thin],PopupWindow[Tooltip[Rectangle[{(Subscript[s, [[j,2]]]),15 (Subscript[s, [[j,1]]])+10},{(Subscript[s, [[j,3]]]),15 (Subscript[s, [[j,1]]])+20}],(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[s, [[j,1]]]),1]]])],(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[s, [[j,1]]]),-3]]]),WindowTitle->(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[s, [[j,1]]]),1]]]),WindowMargins->{{100,100},{100,150}},WindowToolbars->None]}],{j,Length[s]}]  (*  general function for horizontal plot of a category's timeline periods; c is color and s is category identifier  *)

Off[Part::"pspec"]

b1=gt[If[(Subscript[c1, [[j,3]]])==td,Lighter[Blue,0.85],White],c1]; (*  horizontal plot of life timeline periods  *)

b2=gt[Blue,c2];  (*  horizontal plot of governancy timeline periods  *)

gp=Table[Graphics[{Switch[a[[j,-1]],"R",Red,"D",Blue],Tooltip[Rectangle[{900,15 j+15},{1300,15 j+25}],If[a[[j,-1]]=="D","Democratic","Republican"]]}],{j,Length[a]}];  (*  political party indicator  *)

tι={Lighter[Blue,0.5],Dynamic[Line[{{φ=x[[1]],0},{φ,Length[a] 16.1}}]],Dynamic[Locator[{φ ,Length[a] 16.6},δλ[φ]]]};  (*  date frame and pointer  *)

gn=Table[pt[a[[j,1]],{-3500,15 j+20},Blue,12],{j,Length[a]}];  (*  names of governors  *)

Application 1

Manipulate[DynamicModule[{x={δ[1912,1,12],0}},LocatorPane[Dynamic[x],Show[ListPlot[{{0,0}},PlotStyle->White,PlotRange->{{If[p0==gn,-9000,-1000],td+3000},{0,Length[a] 17.5}},AspectRatio->0.4,ImageSize->1000,Axes->False,Frame->True,FrameLabel->{{None,None},{None,Style["Timeline of New Mexico State Governors",Blue,18]}},FrameTicks->{{None,None},{dλ,dλ}},GridLines->{{{δ[1800,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]},{δ[1900,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]},{δ[2000,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]}},None},Epilog->ti],b1,p0,p1,pc],{{δ[1858,7,25],0},{td,11 15},{1,1}},Appearance->None]],{{p1,{},"Term"},{{},b2},ControlType->Checkbox},{{p0,{},"Names"},{{},gn},ControlType->Checkbox},{{ti,{},"Date Pointer"},{{},tι},ControlType->Checkbox},{{pc,{},"Party"},{{},gp},ControlType->Checkbox},ControlPlacement->Left,AppearanceElements->None]

Application 2

Panel@DynamicModule[{y={100,21900}},LocatorPane[Dynamic[y],Show[ListPlot[{{0,0}},PlotStyle->White,PlotRange->{{0,280},{0,36600}},Frame->True,FrameTicks->None,ImageSize->1050,AspectRatio->0.4,PlotLabel->Style["New Mexico State Governors - Age and Governancy Comparisons",18,FontFamily->"Times",Blue,Bold],Epilog:>{Blue,Dynamic@Line[{{5,y[[2]]},{270,κ=y[[2]]}}]},Prolog->Dynamic@Locator[{275,y[[2]]},Dynamic[Style[Round[κ/365,0.1],Blue,14]]]],Table[Graphics[{Lighter[Gray,0.95],EdgeForm[Thickness[0.0002]],Tooltip[Rectangle[{10 (Subscript[c1, [[j,1]]]),0},{10 (Subscript[c1, [[j,1]]])+6,(Subscript[c1, [[j,3]]])-(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[c1, [[j,1]]]),2,2]]])}],(Subscript[a, [[j,1]]])]}],{j,Length[c1]}],Table[Graphics[{Blue,EdgeForm[Thickness[0.0002]],Tooltip[Rectangle[{10 (Subscript[c2, [[j,1]]]),(Subscript[c2, [[j,2]]])-(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[c2, [[j,1]]]),2,2]]])},{10 (Subscript[c2, [[j,1]]])+6,(Subscript[c2, [[j,3]]])-(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[c2, [[j,1]]]),2,2]]])}],(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[c2, [[j,1]]]),1]]])]}],{j,Length[c2]}]],{{0,2000},{0,35700}},Appearance->None]]

Timeline Plot of Computer Pioneers
Lifetimes and Machines, with commentary based primarily on ENIAC by Scott McCartney

Data List

Remove["Global`*"]

δ[y_,m_,d_]:=DateDifference[{1620,1,1},{y,m,d}]  (*  date function for use in data base and the gridlines in the Application  *)

td=δ[DateList[][[1]],DateList[][[2]],DateList[][[3]]]  (*  current DateDifference  *)

Images

ι1=;

ι2=;

ι3=;

ι4=;

ι5=;

ι6=;

ι7=;

ι8=;

ι9=;

ι10=;

ι11=;

ι12=;

a=Reverse@{
{"J. Presper Eckert",{0,δ[1919,4,9 ],δ[1995,6,3]},"Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer\nDesigned and built by Eckert and Mauchly, ENIAC was a general-purpose computer that used base 10 arithmetic.  It was finished in the fall of 1945 at a cose of $0.5M, roughly equivalent to $25M in 2009 inflation-adjusted value.  It covered 1,800 square feet and could perform 5k additions per second.  It contained 17.5k vacuum tubes, 0.5M soldered joints, 70k resistors and 10k capacitors.  In the words of Scott McCartney, author of the 1999 book, ENIAC, \"... it was a bunch of Pascalines wired together.\"  Its first application was in thermonuclear weapon design.","ENIAC",ι12},
{"John Mauchly",{0,δ[1907,8,30 ],δ[1980,1,8]},"Mauchly's fascination with meteorological data analysis led him to design and construct the Harmonic Analyzer, which was an analog device built for that application.  His early ","Harmonic Analyzer & ENIAC",ι11},
{"George Stibitz",{0,δ[1904,4,20 ],δ[1995,1,31]},"By Nov37, Stibitz had built a binary addition computer, the Model K.  Thereafter, Bell Labs - his employer - undertook an ambitious research effort based on the Model K.  That effort produced the CNC by Jan40.  On 11Sep40, at Dartmouth College, Stibitz transmitted data over telephone lines to a CNC that was in New York.","Complex Number Computer",ι10},
{"John Atanasoff",{0,δ[1903,10,4 ],δ[1995,6,15]},"Developed by Atanasoff with Clifford Berry (19Apr1919-30Oct63), the ABC was up and running by 1942 but remained largely an exercise in theory.  Its range of applications was limited, it could not readily be programmed and it was not put to any ordinary use as a computer.  The fact that it used base 2 arithmetic and electronic switching elements enabled it to win a landmark patent trial in 1973 over ENIAC as the first electronic computer.","Atanasoff-Berry Computer",ι9},
{"Howard Aiken",{0,δ[1900,3,8 ],δ[1973,3,14]},"Unveiled in 1944, the Mark I was a five-ton monstrosity whose interior components were driven by a fifty-foot shaft.  While running, about 0.75M parts were in motion, and witnesses to its operation compared its \"roar\" to that of a textile mill.  Its input was via paper tape, its programming was limited because of the absence of a conditional statement, and it was very slow.","Harvard Mark I",ι8},
{"Vannevar Bush",{0,δ[1890,3,11 ],δ[1974,6,28]},"The DA was the size of a banquet table, and consisted of a mare's nest of shafts, wheels, pulleys, wires and electric motors.  It was an analog device that worked well in solving differential equations, but was cumbersome to program.","Differential Analyzer",ι7},
{"Herman Hollerith",{0,δ[1860,2,29 ],δ[1929,11,17]},"The tabulating machine was built for the 1890 US census.  Its design was inspired by a railroad passenger identification device that involved a punchable card called a \"punch photograph\" that coded personal appearance traits.","Card-Tabulating Machine",ι6},
{"Charles Babbage",{0,δ[1791,12,26 ],δ[1871,10,18]},"Work on the Difference engine began in 1823 and a working prototype was produced in ten years.  Although well-designed, neither materials nor machining capabilities were equal to the task of building the Difference Engine in Babbage's lifetime.  His Analytical Engine was inspired by the Jacquard loom, and - although not built in his lifetime - was designed to store partial results for later use, and could accommodate conditional statements.","Difference & Analytical Engines",ι5},
{"Charles X. T. de Colmar",{0,δ[1785,7,1],δ[1870,7,1]},"The first commercially successful mechanical calculator, widely used in everyday business applications.","Arithmometer",ι4},
{"Joseph-Marie Jacquard",{0,δ[1752,7,7 ],δ[1834,8,7]},"By reading perforated cards, the Jacquard loom enabled weavers to produce embroidered textiles whose designs could be iterated or minutely adjusted.","Programmable Loom",ι3},
{"Gottfried Leibniz",{0,δ[1645,7,1 ],δ[1716,11,14]},"This was a direct improvement of the Pascaline in that it could perform the cardinal arithmetical operations.  The machine's name was based on systematically graduated spurs on a drum.  Finished in 1673, it was not a commercial success because manual calculation was adequate for the time.","Stepped Reckoner",ι2},
{"Blaise Pascal",{0,δ[1623,6,19 ],δ[1662,8,19]},"An eight-digit adding machine, the Pascaline was developed in 1642.  Over the next ten years, working prototypes were produced but the machine was not a commercial success.","Pascaline",ι1}
};

Functions and Tick-List Sets

pt[tx_,xy_,c_,ts_]:=Graphics[Text[Style[ToString[tx],FontFamily->"Times",Bold,ts,c],{xy[[1]],xy[[2]]}]]  (*  general print text function: tx is string, xy is coordinate set, c is color, ts is text size  *)

ptι[n_,xy_]:=PopupWindow[Text[💡,{xy[[1]],xy[[2]]}],a[[n,-1]],WindowTitle->StringJoin[(Subscript[a, [[j,1]]]),"--",(Subscript[a, [[j,-2]]])],WindowMargins->{{150,50},{150,200}},WindowToolbars->None](*  general image-related print text function: n is image line number and xy is coordinate set  *)

δλ[x_]:=Framed[Style[DateString[DatePlus[{1620,1,1},x],{"Year"}],Blue,12],Background->GrayLevel[0.99]]  (*  Plot Label date function  *)

dλ={{δ[1700,1,1],1700},{δ[1800,1,1],1800},{δ[1900,1,1],1900},{δ[2000,1,1],2000}};  (*  frame label locations and labels  *)

cat[x_]:=Partition[Flatten[Cases[Table[ReplacePart[Cases[(Subscript[a, [[j]]]),{x,_,_}],{_,1}->j],{j,Length[a]}],Except[{}]]],3]  (*  from list 'a' extract all sublists whose first elements equal x and identify their position in the list [ devised on 090424 ]  *)

c1=cat[0];  (*  life timeline periods  *)

gt[c_,s_]:=Table[Graphics[{c,EdgeForm[Thin],PopupWindow[Tooltip[Rectangle[{(Subscript[s, [[j,2]]]),15 (Subscript[s, [[j,1]]])+10},{(Subscript[s, [[j,3]]]),15 (Subscript[s, [[j,1]]])+20}],(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[s, [[j,1]]]),1]]])],(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[s, [[j,1]]]),-3]]]),WindowTitle->(Subscript[a, [[(Subscript[s, [[j,1]]]),1]]]),WindowMargins->{{100,100},{100,150}},WindowToolbars->None]}],{j,Length[s]}]  (*  general function for horizontal plot of a category's timeline periods; c is color and s is category identifier  *)

Off[Part::"pspec"]

b1=gt[If[(Subscript[c1, [[j,3]]])==td,Lighter[Blue,0.85],White],c1]; (*  horizontal plot of life timeline periods  *)

eλ[x_]:=If[x==0,{},{Gray,Dynamic[Line[{{x,0},{x,Length[a] 17.6}}]],Dynamic[Locator[{x ,Length[a] 18},δλ[x]]]}]  (*  event line function, which puts a date frame and pointer at x ( δ[y,m,d] )  *)

tι={Lighter[Blue,0.5],Dynamic[Line[{{φ=x[[1]],0},{φ,Length[a] 17.6}}]],Dynamic[Locator[{φ ,Length[a] 18},δλ[φ]]]};  (*  date frame and pointer  *)

ιm=Table[ptι[j,{140620,15 j+15}],{j,Length[a]}];  (*  image markers  *)

fn=Table[pt[a[[j,1]],{-18500,15 j+15},Blue,12],{j,Length[a]}];  (*  names of scientists  *)

Application

Manipulate[DynamicModule[{x={δ[1949,8,19],0}},LocatorPane[Dynamic[x],Show[ListPlot[{0,0},PlotStyle->White,PlotRange->{{If[p1==fn,-40000,-1000],td+20000},{0,Length[a] 19}},AspectRatio->0.6,ImageSize->700,Axes->False,Frame->True,FrameLabel->{{None,None},{None,Style["Timeline of Computer Pioneers",Blue,18]}},FrameTicks->{{None,None},{dλ,dλ}},GridLines->{{{δ[1700,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]},{δ[1800,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]},{δ[1900,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]},{δ[2000,1,1],Lighter[Gray,0.8]}},None},Epilog->Dynamic@ιm,Prolog->{ti,eλ[τ]}],b1,p1],{{δ[1623,6,19],0},{δ[1995,6,15],11 15},{1,1}},Appearance->None]],{{p1,{},"Names"},{{},fn},ControlType->Checkbox},{{ti,{},"Date Pointer"},{{},tι},ControlType->Checkbox},{{τ,0,"Event: "},{0->"None",δ[1971,6,1]->"Larson Trial Begins",δ[1945,6,30]->"First Draft Issued"},ControlType->PopupMenu},ControlPlacement->Left,AppearanceElements->None]