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Sphalerons and Other Saddles from Cooling
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We describe a new cooling algorithm for SU(2) lattice gauge theory. It has any critical point of the energy or action functional as a fixed point. In particular, any number of unstable modes may occur. We also provide insight in the convergence of the cooling algorithms. A number of solutions will be discussed, in particular the sphalerons for twisted and periodic boundary conditions which are important for the low-energy dynamics of gauge theories. For a unit cubic volume we find a sphaleron energy of resp. Es+34.148(2) and Es+72.605(2) for the twisted and periodic case. Remarkably, the magnetic field for the periodic sphaleron satisfies at all points TrB2x=TrB2y=TrB2z.
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