(************** Content-type: application/mathematica ************** Mathematica-Compatible Notebook This notebook can be used with any Mathematica-compatible application, such as Mathematica, MathReader or Publicon. The data for the notebook starts with the line containing stars above. To get the notebook into a Mathematica-compatible application, do one of the following: * Save the data starting with the line of stars above into a file with a name ending in .nb, then open the file inside the application; * Copy the data starting with the line of stars above to the clipboard, then use the Paste menu command inside the application. Data for notebooks contains only printable 7-bit ASCII and can be sent directly in email or through ftp in text mode. Newlines can be CR, LF or CRLF (Unix, Macintosh or MS-DOS style). 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For more information on notebooks and Mathematica-compatible applications, contact Wolfram Research: web: http://www.wolfram.com email: info@wolfram.com phone: +1-217-398-0700 (U.S.) Notebook reader applications are available free of charge from Wolfram Research. *******************************************************************) (*CacheID: 232*) (*NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest*) (*NotebookOptionsPosition[ 18404, 807]*) (*NotebookOutlinePosition[ 19264, 838]*) (* CellTagsIndexPosition[ 19220, 834]*) (*WindowFrame->Normal*) Notebook[{ Cell["Graphik mit Mathematica", "Section", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell[CellGroupData[{Cell["Copyright ", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Copyright 1994, Claudia Funke TU-Berlin, FB 13, Fachgebiet \[CapitalODoubleDot]konometrie und Statistik Dieses Notebook darf ausschlie\[SZ]lich als Unterrichtsmaterial und f\ \[UDoubleDot]r private Zwecke verwendet und nicht ohne Zustimmung der Autorin \ ver\[ADoubleDot]ndert werden. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}]}, Open]], Cell[CellGroupData[{Cell["Optionen", "Subsection", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Mathematica-Befehle k\[ODoubleDot]nnen durch Optionen ver\[ADoubleDot]ndert \ werden. Bei den Graphikbefehlen steht meist f\[UDoubleDot]r einen Befehl eine \ Vielzahl von Optionen zur Verf\[UDoubleDot]gung. Um zu sehen, welche Optionen f\[UDoubleDot]r einen Mathematica-Befehl zur Verf\[UDoubleDot]gung stehen, wird die Funktion Option[] verwandt. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell[" Options[ function ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ F\[UDoubleDot]r den Graphikbefehl Plot[] zur Erzeugung einer zwei- dimensionalen Graphik stehen z.B. viele Optionen zur Verf\[UDoubleDot]gung. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Options[Plot] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Die Funktion Integrate[] verf\[UDoubleDot]gt dagegen \[UDoubleDot]ber \ keine Option. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Options[Integrate] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Um den Defaultwert f\[UDoubleDot]r eine Funktion zu erfahren, wird Option mit \ dem optionalen Argument option aufgerufen. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["Options[ function, option ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Options[Plot, Frame] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Eine Option wird f\[UDoubleDot]r die Dauer der Ausf\[UDoubleDot]hrung der \ Funktion ge\[ADoubleDot]ndert, indem man ihr einen neuen Wert zuweist. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Plot[1/x, {x, 1, 10}, Frame -> True] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Eine dauerhafte \[CapitalADoubleDot]nderung der Option f\[UDoubleDot]r diese \ Funktion erfolgt mit SetOptions[]. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ SetOptions[ function, option ] \ \>", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ SetOptions[Plot, Frame -> True]; 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Dieser wird mit der Funktion ReadList[] eingelesen. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["ReadList[ \"file\", {type1, type2, ... } ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Vor der graphischen Darstellung sollten zuvor die ersten Zeilen des Files mit !!filename angelistet werden, um den Datentyp der Daten festzustellen. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ !!daten08.asc \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ mydat = ReadList[\"daten08.asc\", {Number, Number}] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Je nachdem, ob die Daten als ein- oder zweidimensionale Liste vorliegen k\ \[ODoubleDot]nnen folgende Funktionen zu ihrer Darstellung verwandt werden: \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["ListPlot[ {x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ... ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ plottet eine zweidimensionale Liste mit den Wertepaaren {x1,y1}, {x2, y2}, ... . \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ plot1 = ListPlot[mydat] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Mit der Option PlotJoined -> True k\[ODoubleDot]nnen die Punkte miteinander verbunden werden. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ ListPlot[mydat, PlotJoined -> True] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["ListPlot[ {y1, y2, ... } ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ plottet eine eindimensionale Liste. Der fehlende Beobachtungswerte- oder Zeitindex wird von Mathematica selbst gesetzt. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ plot2 = ListPlot[ Transpose[mydat] [[2]] ] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}]}, Open]], Cell[CellGroupData[{Cell["Unterdr\[UDoubleDot]cken der Ausgabe einer Graphik", "Subsubsection", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Die Ausgabe einer Graphik wird mit der Systemvariablen $DisplayFunction kontrolliert. Die Option \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ \tDisplayFunction -> Identity \ \>", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ unterdr\[UDoubleDot]ckt die Graphikausgabe auf dem Bildschirm. Mit \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ DisplayFunction -> $DisplayFunction \ \>", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ wird die Variable wieder auf ihren Defaultwert gesetzt. \ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}, Background->GrayLevel[1]]}, Open]], Cell[CellGroupData[{Cell["Wiederholte Ausgabe einer Graphik", "Subsubsection", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Die Ausgabe einer Graphik kann mit der Funktion Show[ ] wiederholt werden, wobei die Optionen der Graphik ge\[ADoubleDot]ndert werden k\[ODoubleDot]nnen.\ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["Show[ graphic, options ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Show[plot1, PlotLabel -> \"Text\"] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Mit Show[ ] k\[ODoubleDot]nnen auch mehrere Graphiken zusammen dargestellt werden.\ \>", "Text", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["Show[ g1, g2, ... ]", "Special1", TextAlignment->Center, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Show[plot1, plot2 ] \ \>", "Input", PageWidth->Infinity, ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}]}, Open]], Cell[CellGroupData[{Cell["Plotten einer Folge von Graphiken in einer Graphik", "Subsubsection", ImageRegion->{{0, 1}, {0, 1}}], Cell["\<\ Um mehrere Graphiken jeweils getrennt in einer Darstellung zu erhalten, sind die Graphikobjekte in einer Liste abzulegen. 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Damit ist es m\[ODoubleDot]glich, auch Graphiken zu erstellen, die nicht durch die vorhandenen Graphikfunktionen unterst\[UDoubleDot]tzt werden. 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