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Theta Microscopy Allows Phase Regulation in 4Pi(A)-Confocal Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy
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A solution for the phase problem in 4Pi(A)-confocal fluorescence microscopy has been found by observation orthogonal to the optical axis. Three-dimensional intensity distributions for 4Pi(A)-confocal microscopy and confocal theta microscopies are calculated. The evaluations in the focal region show that the volume integrals of the 4Pi(A)-point spread functions are strongly attenuated when the interference is not constructive in the geometrical focus. This results in a phase dependent fluorescence intensity signal with a modulation of up to 48% with which the relative phase of the interfering wavefronts can be measured and regulated.
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